Optimization and comparison of three methods for extraction of volatile
compounds from Cyperus rotundus evaluated by gas chromatography/​mass
spectrometry.

Tam CU, Yang FQ, Zhang QW, Guan J, Li SP.

Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR,
China.

The essential oil of Cyperus rotundus has multiple pharmacological activities.
Therefore, the extraction with high yield and quality is very important for
preparation of essential oil of C. rotundus. In this paper, three methods,
namely hydrodistillation (HD), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), for extraction of volatile compounds from
C. rotundus were optimized and compared by gas chromatography/​mass spectrometry.
Among eight identified compounds in C. rotundus, five components including
alpha/​copaene, cyperene, beta/​selinene, beta/​cyperone and alpha/​cyperone were
quantitatively determined or estimated using alpha/​cyperone as standard, which
showed that PLE had the highest extraction efficiency, while SFE had the best
selectivity for extraction of beta/​cyperone and alpha/​cyperone. The contents of
ingredients from C. rotundus extracted with HD, PLE and SFE are significantly
different, which suggest that comparison of chemical components and
pharmacological activities of different extracts is helpful to elucidate the
active components in C. rotundus and control its quality.

PMID: 17127024 [PubMed /​ as supplied by publisher]

2: Fitoterapia. 2006 Dec;77(7/​8):585/​8. Epub 2006 Sep 23.

Antidiabetic activity of hydro/​ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus in alloxan
induced diabetes in rats.

Raut NA, Gaikwad NJ.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R. T. M. Nagpur University Campus,
Amravati Road, Nagpur/​440 033, India. rnishi@sify.com

In light of the traditional claim of Cyperus rotundus in the treatment of
diabetes, investigations were carried out to evaluate its effect on alloxan
induced hyperglycemia in rats. Oral daily administration of 500 mg/kg of the
extract (once a day for seven consecutive days) significantly lowered the blood
glucose levels. This antihyperglycemic activity can be attributed to its
antioxidant activity as it showed the strong DPPH radical scavenging action in
vitro.

PMID: 17056202 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

3: Fitoterapia. 2006 Sep;77(6):481/​3. Epub 2006 Jul 6.

Inhibitory effects of selected Thai medicinal plants on Na+,K+/​ATPase.

Ngamrojanavanich N, Manakit S, Pornpakakul S, Petsom A.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
10330, Thailand. nnattaya@chula.ac.th

Extracts of ten Thai indigenous medicinal plants having ethnomedical application
in the treatment of dysuria were tested for their Na(+),K(+)/​ATPase inhibitory
activity. The hexane extracts of Cyperus rotundus and Orthosiphon aristatus
showed high potent inhibitory activity on crude enzyme Na(+),K(+)/​ATPase from
rat brain.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 16860494 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

4: Fitoterapia. 2006 Feb;77(2):134/​6. Epub 2005 Dec 20.

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Cyperus rotundus.

Uddin SJ, Mondal K, Shilpi JA, Rahman MT.

Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Bangladesh.
uddinsj@yahoo.com

The methanol extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizome, given orally at the doses of
250 and 500 mg/kg b.w., showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in castor oil
induced diarrhoea in mice. Among the fractions, tested at 250 mg/kg, the
petroleum ether fraction (PEF) and residual methanol fraction (RMF) were found
to retain the activity, the latter being more active as compared to the control.
The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) did not show any antidiarrhoeal activity.

PMID: 16376024 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

5: J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 21;105(1/​2):76/​83. Epub 2005 Dec 6.

Antioxidant activity of a salt/​spice/​herbal mixture against free radical
induction.

Natarajan KS, Narasimhan M, Shanmugasundaram KR, Shanmugasundaram ER.

ALMPG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani
Campus, Chennai 600113, India.

A combination of spices (Piper nigrum, Piper longum and Zingiber officinale),
herbs (Cyperus rotundus and Plumbago zeylanica) and salts make up Amrita Bindu.
The study was focused to evaluate the antioxidant property of individual
ingredients in Amrita Bindu against the free radical
2,2'/​azinobis/​(3/​ethylbenzothiazoline/​6/​sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The analysis
revealed the antioxidant potential of the ingredients in the following order:
Piper nigrum>Piper longum>Cyperus rotundus>Plumbago zeylanca>Zingiber
officinale. Two different experiments were designed. In experiment I, rats were
fed with normal diet whereas in experiment II rats were given feed mixed with
Amrita Bindu for 3 weeks (4 g/kg of feed). Rats from both experimental groups
were challenged against a single intraperitonial injection of phenylhydrazine
(PHZ) (7.5 mg/kg body weight). At the end of 24 and 72 h, blood was analysed for
free radicals and antioxidant levels. It was interesting to note that rats with
Amrita Bindu pretreatment showed significantly lower levels of free radicals,
lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls along with significantly higher levels
of antioxidants when compared with rats without Amrita Bindu pretreatment on PHZ
administration. These results reveal that Amrita Bindu, a salt/​spice/​herbal
mixture exerts a promising antioxidant potential against free radical induced
oxidative damage.

PMID: 16337350 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

6: Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2005 Mar;72(1):23/​37.

Claviceps cyperi, a new cause of severe ergotism in dairy cattle consuming maize
silage and teff hay contaminated with ergotised Cyperus esculentus (nut sedge)
on the Highveld of South Africa.

Naude TW, Botha CJ, Vorster JH, Roux C, Van der Linde EJ, Van der Walt SI,
Rottinghaus GE, Van Jaarsveld L, Lawrence AN.

Division of Toxicology, ARC/​Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05,
Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa. theuns.naude@up.ac.za

During December/January 1996/97 typical summer syndrome (hyperthermia and a 30%
drop in milk yield) occurred in succession in two Holstein dairy herds (n=240
and n=150 milking cows, respectively) on the South African Highveld. These farms
are situated in the midst of the prime maize and dairy farming areas of South
Africa where this condition had never been diagnosed before. The individual
components of the concentrate on both farms were negative for ergot alkaloids.
Endophytic fungi and/or ergot infestation of teff and other grasses fed to the
cows were then suspected of being involved, but neither endophytes nor ergot
alkaloids could be implicated from these sources. By measuring the serum
prolactin levels of groups of sheep (n=5) fed the first farm's total mixed
ration (TMR) or its three individual fibre components for a period of 11 days,
the source of the ergot alkaloids was identified. A statistically significant
decrease in the level of this hormone occurred only in the group on maize silage
(which constituted 28% on dry matter base of the TMR). The involvement of the
maize silage was further chemically confirmed by the high levels of total ergot
alkaloids, predominantly ergocryptine, found by LC/​MS in the silage as well as
in the TMR (115/​975 ppb and 65/​300 ppb, respectively). The ergot alkaloid
content (mainly ergocryptine) of the maize silage on the second affected farm
was 875 ppb. Withdrawal of contaminated silage resulted in gradual recovery of
stock on both farms. Nut sedge (Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus of the
family Cyperaceae) has a world/​wide distribution and is a common weed in annual
crops, and can be parasitized by Claviceps cyperi. Careful examination of the
maize silage from both farms revealed that it was heavily contaminated with nut
sedge and that it contained minute sclerotia, identified as those of Claviceps
cyperi, originating from the latter. Nut sedge was abundant on both farms and it
is believed that late seasonal rain had resulted in mature, heavily ergotised
nut sedge being cut with the silage. Claviceps cyperi sclerotia, collected on
the affected fields in the following autumn contained 3600/​4000 ppm
ergocryptine. That the dominant alkaloid produced by this particular fungus was
indeed ergocryptine, was confirmed by negative ion chemical ionization MS/MS. In
one further outbreak in another Holstein herd, teff hay contaminated with
ergotised nut sedge and containing 1200 ppb alkaloids, was incriminated as the
cause of the condition. This is the first report of bovine ergotism not
associated with the Poaceae infected with Claviceps purpureum or endophytes but
with the family Cyperaceae and this particular fungal phytopathogen.

PMID: 15991703 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

7: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Feb 28;97(2):305/​11. Epub 2005 Jan 5.

Anti/​Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants.

Duarte MC, Figueira GM, Sartoratto A, Rehder VL, Delarmelina C.

Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, State University of
Campinas, P.O. Box 6171, CEP 13083/​970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
mduarte@cpqba.unicamp.br

Essential oils and ethanolic extracts from the leaves and/or roots of 35
medicinal plants commonly used in Brazil were screened for anti/​Candida albicans
activity. The oils were obtained by water/​distillation using a Clevenger/​type
system. Essential oils from 13 plants showed anti/​Candida activity, including
Aloysia triphylla, Anthemis nobilis, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon winterianus,
Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus rotundus, Lippia alba, Mentha arvensis, Mikania
glomerata, Mentha piperita, Mentha sp., Stachys byzantina, and Solidago
chilensis. The ethanol extract was not effective at any of the concentrations
tested. Chemical analyses showed the presence of compounds with known
antimicrobial activity, including 1,8/​cineole, geranial, germacrene/​D, limonene,
linalool, and menthol.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 15707770 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

8: J Environ Sci Health B. 2005;40(1):119/​28.

Population dynamics of weeds in no/​tillage and conventional crop systems.

Machado AF, Jakelaitis A, Ferreira LR, Agnes EL, Santos LD.

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Vicosa/​/​UFV, Vicosa, MG,
Brazil. aroldomachado@yahoo.com.br

Population dynamics of weeds in successive maize and bean crops were evaluated
in two soil management systems (conventional and no/​tillage), for two maize
applications (grain and silage), and in four consecutive growing seasons. Every
year, conventional tillage consisted in plowing and harrowing before sowing. In
no/​tillage, chemical weed desiccation was made with the mixture glyphosate +
2.4/​D. To control weeds, the mixture fluazifop/​p/​butil + fomesafen was applied
on the bean crop in all the planting seasons, and the herbicides nicosulfuron +
atrazine on maize after crop emergence (1998/​/​1999, 1999/​/​2000, 2001/​/​2002) and
atrazine + metolachlor before emergence (2000/​/​2001). Purple nutsedge (Cyperus
rotundus) was the most important species under conventional soil tillage; while
in no/​tillage the dicotyledonous weed species (Amaranthus deflexus, Bidens
pilosa, Euphorbia heterophylla, Galinsoga parviflora Ipomoea grandifolia) were
the most relevant. Regardless of the maize use, the C. rotundus population and
tuber bank, with prevailingly dormant tubers, was considerably reduced in
no/​tillage compared with the conventional system.

PMID: 15656169 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

9: J Environ Sci Health B. 2005;40(1):111/​7.

Effects of plant densities and management of purple nutsedge on sugarcane yield
and effect of growth stages and main way of herbicides contact and absorption on
the control of tubers.

Durigan JC.

Departamento de Fitossanidade, FCAV/​UNESP, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
jdurigan@fcav.unesp.br

Field experiments carried out with Cyperus rotundus L. at low (58/​246), medium
(318/​773), and high (675/​1198 shoots/m2) densities showed sugarcane yield
reductions of 13.5, 29.3, and 45.2%, respectively in relation to the control. In
the second field experiment, the integration of a mechanic method with two
sequences of plowing and disking operations in the dry season, and complementary
applications of trifloxysulfuron/​sodium + ametrine and sulfentrazone (rainy
season) was studied. Average of the chain connected to original shoot showed 92,
95, and 65% of reduction with trifloxysulfuron/​sodium + ametrine and surfactant,
at the application stages "early," preflowering, and full flowering,
respectively.

PMID: 15656168 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

10: Ann Agric Environ Med. 2004;11(1):45/​52.

The occurrence and allergising potential of airborne pollen in West Bengal,
India.

Boral D, Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya K.

Department of Botany, Visva/​Bharati University, Santiniketan/​731235, West
Bengal, India.

A continuous 2/​year volumetric aerobiological survey was conducted in Berhampore
town, a centrally located and representative part of West Bengal, India. The aim
of the study was to assess the allergising potential of airborne pollen grains
of West Bengal. A total of 31 pollen types were identified of which Poaceae
(grasses) pollen showed maximum frequency, followed by Cyperaceae, Cassia sp.,
Acacia auriculiformis, etc. The seasonal periodicities of the pollen types and
their relationship to meteorological conditions were investigated. It was found
that the pollen concentration is positively correlated with temperature and
negatively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Clinical
investigations by skin prick test were carried out to detect allergenicity of
pollen types. Eighteen common airborne pollen types induced positive responses
of which pollen extracts of Saccharum officinarum (grass), Azadirachta indica,
Cocos nucifera, Phoenix sylvestris, Cyperus rotundus and Eucalyptus citriodora
showed strongest sensitising potential. This result is consistent with previous
investigations in different parts of West Bengal.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 15236497 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

11: J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Feb;90(2/​3):195/​204.

Effect of polyherbal formulation on experimental models of inflammatory bowel
diseases.

Jagtap AG, Shirke SS, Phadke AS.

Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E),
Mumbai 400 098, India.

A polyherbal ayurvedic formulation from an ancient authentic classical text of
ayurveda was evaluated for its activity against inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD). The polyherbal formulation contained four different drugs viz., Bilwa
(Aegle marmeloes), Dhanyak (Coriandrum sativum), Musta (Cyperus rotundus) and
Vala (Vetiveria zinzanioids). The formulation has been tried before in clinical
practice and was found to be useful in certain number of cases of IBD
(ulcerative colitis), so was tried in the same form i.e., decoction (aqueous
extract) in experimental animals to revalidate the claims of the same. The
formulation was tried on two different experimental animal models of
inflammatory bowel disease, which are acetic acid/​induced colitis in mice and
indomethacin/​induced enterocolitis in rats. Prednisolone was used as the
standard drug for comparison. The formulation showed significant inhibitory
activity against inflammatory bowel disease induced in these experimental animal
models. The activity was comparable with the standard drug prednisolone. The
results obtained established the efficacy of this polyherbal formulation against
inflammatory bowel diseases.

Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 15013181 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

12: Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 Jan;26(1):65/​8.

[Advances in the study of chemical constituents and pharmacology of Cyperus
rotundus L. ]

[Article in Chinese]

Huang X, Peng G.

Research Center for the Processing Engineering for Plant Drugs, Nanjing
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029

Publication Types:
Review

PMID: 12956182 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

13: Bioresour Technol. 2003 Sep;89(3):245/​8.

Utilization of tigernut (Cyperus rotundus, L.) meal in diets for cockerel
starters.

Bamgbose AM, Eruvbetine D, Dada W.

Animal Nutrition Department, University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 2240, Abeokuta,
Nigeria.

The effect of feeding graded levels of tigernut meal (TGN) as a replacement for
maize in the diets of cockerel starters on carcass characteristics and economics
of feed conversion was assessed for 70 days. Tigernut replaced maize at 0%,
33.33%, 66.67% and 100% levels. A total of 120 day/​old chicks were randomly
allotted to four experimental diets such that each dietary treatment had three
replicates of ten birds. Inclusion of TGN at 33.33% in cockerel diets supported
better carcass yield in terms of high plucked, eviscerated, drumstick, thigh,
neck, wing, heads, shanks, livers, hearts and lung weights without significant
differences (P>0.05) in values obtained. However, there were significant
difference (P<0.05) in back, breast, abdominal fat, gizzard, spleen, kidney and
intestinal weights and lengths. Inclusion of TGN 100% level significantly
depressed parameters assessed. The optimum replacement level of maize with TGN
was 33.33% as this gave no significant reduction in carcass yield of the birds
but a significant reduction in the cost of feed consumed. It required a feed
cost of 42.90 ( 0.31 US dollars) to produce one kilogram weight gain on diet 2
(33.33%). Inclusion of TNG in the diets resulted in feed cost savings of 4.88%
(D2), 8.17 (D3) and 8.90% (D4) respectively.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 12798114 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

14: J Environ Biol. 2002 Jan;23(1):19/​23.

Effect of weed extracts on seedling growth of some varieties of wheat.

Agarwal AR, Gahlot A, Verma R, Rao PB.

Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.
B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar/​263 145,
Uttaranchal, India.

Allelopathic effect ofAvena fatua L., Cyperus rotundus L., Polygonum hydropiper
L., and Solanum nigrum L. were examined on seedling growth of certain commonly
used varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Tarai region of U.P.
state. The weed extracts inhibited the length of plumule in all the varieties
(100%) with Solanum and it was in 12 (92%), 10 (77%) and 06 (46%) varieties with
Polygonum, Avena and Cyperus, respectively. In radicle length, it was in 92%
with both Polygonum and Solanum; and 85% and 69% of the varieties with Avena and
Cyperus, respectively. However, all the four weed extracts reduced the dry
weight of plumule, radicle and total seedling in all the varieties (100%) of
wheat except in HD/​/​2329 with Cyperus, in which it was positive. The percent
reduction (percentage of control) was more than 50% in 92%, 77%, 54% and 39% of
the varieties, respectively with Solanum, Polygonum, Avena and Cyperus. Among
the weed extracts, the inhibitory effect on seedling growth in different
varieties followed the order: Solanum > Polygonum > Avena and > Cyperus. On the
basis of the present results, UP/​/​2003 and WH/​/​542 followed by PBW/​/​226, Sangam
and HD/​/​248 were more susceptible to all the four weed extracts compared to the
rest of the varieties of wheat.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 12617313 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

15: Can J Microbiol. 2002 May;48(5):443/​8.

Studies on exudate/​depleted sclerotial development in Sclerotium rolfsii and the
effect of oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate on phenolic acid
induction in chickpea (Cicer arietinum).

Singh UP, Sarma BK, Singh DP, Bahadur A.

Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. ups@banaras.ernet.in

Exudate depletion from developing sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in
culture caused reduced size and weight of sclerotia. Germination of
exudate/​depleted sclerotia was delayed on Cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar
medium when compared with that of control sclerotia. The exudate/​depleted
sclerotia caused infection in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants in a glasshouse.
Different temperatures and incubation periods had no effect on the germination
ability of the exudate/​depleted sclerotia. Oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and
culture filtrate of S. rolfsii induced the synthesis of phenolic acids,
including gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and cinnamic acids, as well as salicylic
acid, in treated chickpea leaves. Gallic acid content was increased in treated
leaves compared with the untreated controls. Maximum induction of gallic acid
was seen in both leaves treated with oxalic acid followed by exudate and leaves
treated with culture filtrate. Cinnamic and salicylic acids were not induced in
exudate/​treated leaves. Ethyl acetate fractionation indicated that the
sclerotial exudates consisted of gallic, oxalic, ferulic, chlorogenic, and
cinnamic acids, whereas the culture filtrate consisted of gallic, oxalic, and
cinnamic acids along with many other unidentified compounds.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 12109884 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

16: Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Jan;25(1):128/​30.

Modulation of radioligand binding to the GABA(A)/​benzodiazepine receptor complex
by a new component from Cyperus rotundus.

Ha JH, Lee KY, Choi HC, Cho J, Kang BS, Lim JC, Lee DU.

Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu,
Korea.

Four sesquiterpenes, beta/​selinene, isocurcumenol, nootkatone and aristolone and
one triterpene, oleanolic acid were isolated from the ethylacetate fraction of
the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and tested for their ability to modulate
gamma/​aminobutyric acid (GABA(A))/​benzodiazepine receptor function by
radioligand binding assays using rat cerebrocortical membranes. Among these
compounds, only isocurcumenol, one of the newly identified constituents of this
plant, was found to inhibit [3H]Ro15/​1788 binding and enhance [3H]flunitrazepam
binding in the presence of GABA. These results suggest that isocurcumenol may
serve as a benzodiazepine receptor agonist and allosterically modulate GABAergic
neurotransmission via enhancement of endogenous receptor ligand binding.

Publication Types:
In Vitro
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 11824542 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

17: Phytochemistry. 2001 Nov;58(5):799/​810.

Chemical study of the essential oil of Cyperus rotundus.

Sonwa MM, Konig WA.

Institut fur Organische Chemie, Universitat Hamburg, D/​20146 Hamburg, Germany.

Minor constituents of the essential oil of Cyperus rotundus have been
investigated. The three new sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (/​)/​isorotundene,
(/​)/​cypera/​2,4(15)/​diene, (/​)/​norrotundene and the ketone (+)/​cyperadione were
isolated and their structures elucidated. The absolute configuration of
(/​)/​rotundene was derived by chemical correlation and enantioselective gas
chromatography.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 11672746 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

18: J Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Jun;76(1):59/​64.

Inhibitory effects of methanol extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes on nitric
oxide and superoxide productions by murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7
cells.

Seo WG, Pae HO, Oh GS, Chai KY, Kwon TO, Yun YG, Kim NY, Chung HT.

Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan,
570/​749, Chonbuk, South Korea.

The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus) have been used in oriental
traditional medicines for the treatment of stomach and bowel disorders, and
inflammatory diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2/​) are important
mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. This study was
undertaken to address whether the metanol (MeOH) extract of rhizomes of C.
rotundus could modulate NO and O2/​ productions by murine macrophage cell line,
RAW 264.7 cells. The MeOH extract of rhizomes of C. rotundus showed the
inhibition of NO production in a dose/​dependent manner by RAW 264.7 cells
stimulated with interferon/​gamma plus lipopolysaccharide. The inhibition of NO
production by the extract was due to the suppression of iNOS protein, as well as
iNOS mRNA expression, determined by Western and Northern blotting analyses,
respectively. In addition, the MeOH extract suppressed the production of O2/​ by
phorbol ester/​stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in dose/​ and time/​dependent manners.
Collectively, these results suggest that the MeOH extract of rhizomes of C.
rotundus could be developed as anti/​inflammatory candidate for the treatment of
inflammatory diseases mediated by overproduction of NO and O2/​.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 11378282 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

19: J Ethnopharmacol. 2001 May;75(2/​3):185/​90.

Diuretic effects of selected Thai indigenous medicinal plants in rats.

Sripanidkulchai B, Wongpanich V, Laupattarakasem P, Suwansaksri J,
Jirakulsomchok D.

Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
bungorn@kkul.kku.ac.th

Extracts of five indigenous Thai medicinal having ethnomedical application in
the treatment of dysuria were investigated for their diuretic activity. Root
extracts of Ananas comosus and Carica papaya, given orally to rats at a dose of
10 mg/kg, demonstrated significantly increased urine output (P < 0.01) which was
79 and 74%, respectively, of the effect of an equivalent dose of
hydrochlorothiazide. Both plant extracts gave similar profiles of urinary
electrolyte excretion to that of the hydrochlorothiazide. The analyses of the
urinary osmolality and electrolyte excretion per unit time suggest the observed
effect of A. comosus was intrinsic, whereas that of C. papaya may have resulted
from a high salt content of this extract. However, our experimental evidence on
the diuretic activities of the other three plants did not parallel their local
utilization for dysuria. It was found that the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica
apparently inhibited the urination of rats whereas the rhizome of Cyperus
rotundus and the stem of Averrhoa carambola failed to demonstrate any diuretic
activities. These results indicate that two of the plants investigated exert
their action by causing diuresis. The other three plants need further
investigation to determine their effectiveness in the treatment of dysuria.

Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 11297849 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

20: Curr Microbiol. 2001 Mar;42(3):194/​8.

Molecular markers for the characterization of Brazilian Cercospora caricis
isolates.

Inglis PW, Teixeira EA, Ribeiro DM, Valadares/​Inglis MC, Tigano MS, Mello SC.

EMBRAPA Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, CENARGEN, Brasilia, Brazil.
peter@cenargen.embrapa.br

Cercospora caricis is of interest as a potential mycoherbicide for control of
purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus, which is considered to be the world's worst
weed. The genetic variation of a collection of Brazilian Ce. caricis isolated
from Cy. rotundus was analyzed by using RAPD, RFLP with a telomeric probe,
[TTAGGG]18 and sequencing of the ITS1/​5.8S/​ITS2 regions of the ribosomal RNA
gene. The Brazilian isolates were also compared with a Ce. caricis isolate from
Florida, USA and with some other Cercospora species. A cluster of isolates from
the Brazilian cerrado region was identified showing high genetic similarity. In
contrast, isolates originating in other geographic regions of Brazil were less
than 50% and 25% related to the former group according to similarity estimates
produced from RAPD and telomeric RFLP analyses respectively. ITS sequence
analysis did not support taxonomic division of the Brazilian strains, but did
confirm the distant relatedness of these strains to the Ce. caricis isolate from
Florida. The data indicate a need for an extensive molecular survey of
Cercospora species associated with the Cyperaceae.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 11270654 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

21: Phytother Res. 2000 Aug;14(5):375/​7.

The ameliorating effects of the cognitive/​enhancing Chinese herbs on
scopolamine/​induced amnesia in rats.

Hsieh MT, Peng WH, Wu CR, Wang WH.

Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College, Taiwan,
R.O.C. rei106@tcts1.seed.net.tw

Ameliorating effects were investigated of the cognitive/​enhancing Chinese herbs
administered orally for 1 week/​Panax ginseng (PG), Panax notoginseng (PNG),
Dioscorea opposita (DO), Gastrodia elata (GE), Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), Acorus
gramineus (AG), Coptis chinensis (CC), Polygonum multiflorum (PM), Cyperus
rotundus (CR) and Psoralea corylifolia (PC)/​on the scopolamine (SCOP)/​induced
amnesia by using a passive avoidance task in rats. Of ten Chinese herbs, only
PG, PNG, GE and CC prolonged the SCOP/​shortened STL. These results revealed that
PG, PNG GE and CC administered orally for 1 week improved the SCOP/​induced
learning and memory deficit in rats. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 10925408 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

22: J Nat Prod. 2000 May;63(5):673/​5.

Rotundines A/​C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus.

Jeong SJ, Miyamoto T, Inagaki M, Kim YC, Higuchi R.

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka,
812/​8582, Japan.

Rotundines A (1), B (2), and C (3), three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids with an
unprecedented carbon skeleton, were isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus
rotundus. The structures of 1/​3 were elucidated by spectral and chemical
methods.

PMID: 10843585 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

23: Trop Anim Health Prod. 1997 Feb;29(1):60/​2.

Effect of feeding tagernut (Cyperus rotundus, L) meal on the performance of
rabbits.

Bamgbose AM, Nwokoro SO, Kudi AC, Bogoro S, Egbo ML, Kushwaha S.

School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 9090020 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

24: Phytochemistry. 1995 Sep;40(1):125/​8.

Antimalarial sesquiterpenes from tubers of Cyperus rotundus: structure of
10,12/​peroxycalamenene, a sesquiterpene endoperoxide.

Thebtaranonth C, Thebtaranonth Y, Wanauppathamkul S, Yuthavong Y.

National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand.

Activity/​guided investigation of Cyperus rotundus tubers led to the isolation of
patchoulenone, caryophyllene alpha/​oxide, 10,12/​peroxycalamenene and
4,7/​dimethyl/​1/​tetralone. The antimalarial activities of these compounds are in
the range of EC50 10(/​4)/​10(/​6) M, with the novel endoperoxide sesquiterpene,
10,12/​peroxycalamenene, exhibiting the strongest effect at EC50 2.33 x 10(/​6) M.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

PMID: 7546546 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

25: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1994 Feb;19(2):108/​10, 128.

[Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR), Ligusticum
chuangxiong Hort (LC) and Peaonia veitchii lynch (PV) on the hemorheological
changes in "blood stagnating" rats]

[Article in Chinese]

Xue JX, Yan YQ, Jiang Y.

Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing.

The "blood stagnating" rat model was built with adrenaline and cold stimulation.
Its hemorrheological character was an increase in the viscosity, thickness and
liability to coagulate. The experimental result showed that AM and TAS could
decrease the whole blood specific viscosity, but at the same time increase the
plasma specific viscosity. The qi/​regulating drug CR and two blood/​activating
drugs LC and PV could improve the hemorrheological changes in "blood stagnating"
rats. The combination of qi/​regulating drugs and blood/​activating drugs had more
favorable effect.

Publication Types:
English Abstract

PMID: 8011132 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

26: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1993 Nov;18(11):648/​50, 702.

[Revision on the type of leaf trace bundles of Cyperus rotundus L]

[Article in Chinese]

Zhou FQ, Si M, Li JX.

Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong College of TCM, Jinan.

Publication Types:
English Abstract

PMID: 8003224 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

27: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1993 Oct;18(10):621/​3, 640.

[Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM), tail
of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR), Ligusticum
chuanxiong Hort. (LC) and Paeonia veitchii Lynch (PV) on the hemorrheological
changes in normal rats]

[Article in Chinese]

Xue JX, Jiang Y, Yan YQ.

Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing.

The results showed that AM and TAS had significant effects of enriching the
blood. CR, a Qi/​regulating drug, LC and PV, two blood/​activating drugs, could
improve all hemorrheological indexes, such as the whole blood specific
viscosity, the plasma specific viscosity, erythrocyte electrophoresis, etc. The
combination of Qi/​regulating drug and blood/​activating drug displayed more
favorable effect. This experiment has provided some pharmacological evidence for
the theory of "Qi Xue Xiang Guan" (correlation of vital energy with blood
circulation) in traditional Chinese medicine.

Publication Types:
English Abstract

PMID: 8003220 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

28: Yakushigaku Zasshi. 1993;28(2):63/​72.

[Studies on the medicinal plant in the "Sambutsu/​cho" of Higo Province possessed
by the Kumamoto clan (II): on the medicina herbs]

[Article in Japanese]

Hamada T.

Kumamoto Institute of Technology.

In the previous report, I studied the medicinal trees contained in the
Sambutsu/​cho of the Kumamoto clan in Higo Province. In this report, I studied
the medicinal herbs contained in the same book. There were 439 names in the
herbal part. I identified 214 species and found 129 species as the medicinal
plants. The ratio of the medicinal plants was 60%. the famous medicinal plants
were as follows: Atractilodes japonica, platycodon grandiflorum, prunella
vulgaris var. lilacina, pharbitis nil, cnidium officinale, angelica acutiloba,
bplerum falcatum, pueraria lobata, sophora flavescens, sinomenium acutum, akebia
quinata, paeonia lactiflora, paeonia suffruticosa, achyranthes fauriei,
houttuynia cordata, ophiopogon japonica, pinellia ternata and cyperus rotundus.

Publication Types:
Biography
English Abstract
Historical Article

Personal Name as Subject:
Kumamoto family

PMID: 11639722 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

29: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1992 Oct;12(10):602/​3, 580.

[Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric mucosa
with xiao wei yan powder]

[Article in Chinese]

Liu XR, Han WQ, Sun DR.

Qingdao TCM/​WM Hospital.

138 cases of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 104 cases of atypical hyperplasia
(AH) of the gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis treated with Xiao Wei Yan Powder
(XWYP) were reported. The diagnoses were based on the pathological examination
of gastric antrum biopsy specimens. The cases were randomly divided into treated
group and control group. The XWYP contained Smilax glabrae, Hedyotis diffusae,
Taraxacum mongolicum, Caesalpinia sappan, Paeonia alba, Cyperus rotundus,
Bletilla striata, Glycyrrhiza uralensis etc., and was prepared in powder form,
taken orally 5/​7g tid. After 2/​4 months of administration, gastroscopic and
pathological examinations were repeated. Results: In treated group, the total
effective rate of IM was 91.3% and that of the AH was 92.16%, while in control
group, they were 21.3% and 14.46% respectively (P < 0.01). It denoated that XWYP
had marked therapeutic effects for IM and AH. The animal experiments revealed no
toxic effect, so safety guarantee was provided for its clinical application.

Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
English Abstract
Randomized Controlled Trial

PMID: 1302542 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

30: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Feb;22(2):195/​202.

Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a chloralkali
plant. IV. Bioconcentration of mercury in in situ aquatic and terrestrial plants
at Ganjam, India.

Lenka M, Panda KK, Panda BB.

Department of Botany, Berhampur University, India.

In situ aquatic and terrestrial plants including a few vegetable and crop plants
growing in and around a chloralkali plant at Ganjam, India were analyzed for
concentrations of root and shoot mercury. The aquatic plants found to
bioconcentrate mercury to different degrees included Marsilea spp., Spirodela
polyrhiza, Jussiea repens, Paspalum scrobiculatam, Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia
crassipes, Hygrophila schulli, Monochoria hastata and Bacopa monniera. Among
wild terrestrial plants Chloris barbata, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and
Croton bonplandianum were found growing on heavily contaminated soil containing
mercury as high as 557 mg/kg. Analysis of mercury in root and shoot of these
plants in relation to the mercury levels in soil indicated a significant
correlation between soil and plant mercury with the exception of C.
bonplandianum. Furthermore, the tolerance to mercury toxicity was highest with
C. barbata followed by C. dactylon and C. rotundus, in that order. The rice
plants analyzed from the surrounding agricultural fields did not show any
significant levels of bioconcentrated mercury. Of the different vegetables grown
in a contaminated kitchen garden with mercury level at 8.91 mg/kg, the two leafy
vegetables, namely cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and amaranthus (Amaranthus
oleraceous), were found to bioconcentrate mercury at statistically significant
levels. The overall study indicates that the mercury pollution is very much
localized to the specific sites in the vicinity of the chloralkali plant.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 1536599 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

31: Yakushigaku Zasshi. 1992;27(2):117/​24.

[Studies on the medicinal plant in the "Sambutsu/​cho" of Bungo Province
possessed by the Kumamoto Clan (II); studies on the medicinal herbs]

[Article in Japanese]

Hamada T.

Kumamoto Institute of Technology.

In the previous report, I studied the medicinal trees contained in the
Sambutsu/​cho of the Kumamoto clan in Bungo Province. In this report, I studied
the medicinal herbs contained in the same book. There were 259 names in the
herbal part. I identified 156 species and found 103 species as the medicinal
plants. The ratio of the medicinal plants was 66%. The famous medicinal plants
were as follows: Atractilodes japonica, Platycodon gradiflorum, Mentha arvensis
var. piperascens, Lisospermum erythrorizon, Pharbitis nil, Gentiana scabra var.
buergeri, Cnidium officianal, Angelica acutiloba, Bupleurum falcatum, Pueraria
lobata, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia suffruticosa, Achyranthes fauriei, Asarum
dimidiatum, Ophiopogon japonica, Pinellia ternata and Cyperus rotundus.

Publication Types:
Biography
English Abstract
Historical Article

Personal Name as Subject:
Kumamoto family

PMID: 11639706 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

32: Planta Med. 1990 Aug;56(4):371/​3.

Antimalarial compounds containing an alpha,beta/​unsaturated carbonyl moiety from
Tanzanian medicinal plants.

Weenen H, Nkunya MH, Bray DH, Mwasumbi LB, Kinabo LS, Kilimali VA, Wijnberg JB.

Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Pure compounds were isolated from plant extracts with antimalarial activity. The
extracts were obtained from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), the
rootbark of Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild) Waterm. (Rutaceae), and the rootbark
of Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster (Euphorbiaceae). The most active
compounds included (IC50 within brackets): alpha/​cyperone (1) (5.5
micrograms/ml), N/​isobutyldeca/​2,4/​dienamide (2) (5.4 micrograms/ml), and
securinine (3) (5.4 micrograms/ml). A mixture of autoxidation products of
beta/​selinene was found to be the most active antimalarial substances obtained
from C. rotundus (5.6 micrograms/ml.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 2236290 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

33: Planta Med. 1990 Aug;56(4):368/​70.

Antimalarial activity of Tanzanian medicinal plants.

Weenen H, Nkunya MH, Bray DH, Mwasumbi LB, Kinabo LS, Kilimali VA.

Department of Chemistry, Unversity of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Tanzanian medicinal plants were extracted and tested for in vitro antimalarial
activity, using the multidrug resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Of
49 plants investigated, extracts of three plants were found to have an IC50
between 5/​10 micrograms/ml, extracts of 18 other plants showed an IC50 between
10 and 50 micrograms/ml, all others were less active. The three most active
extracts were obtained from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), the
rootbark of Hoslundia opposita Vahl. (Labiatae), and the rootbark of Lantana
camara L. (Verbenaceae).

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

PMID: 2236289 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

34: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1988 Jul/​Sep;32(3):229/​30.

Effect of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus Linn) on reserpine/​induced emesis in
pigeons.

Shinde S, Phadke S, Bhagwat AW.

Publication Types:
Letter

PMID: 3198246 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

35: Plant Physiol. 1975 May;55(5):859/​863.

Differential Cold Tolerance, Starch, Sugar, Protein, and Lipid of Yellow and
Purple Nutsedge Tubers.

Stoller EW, Weber EJ.

United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, University of
Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801.

From measurements of viability after exposure of tubers to natural overwintering
in the soil and 6 weeks exposure at 2 C, species cold tolerance of the tubers
was ranked in decreasing order: yellow nutsedge ;I' (Cyperus esculentus L.), an
ecotype originating in Illinois; yellow nutsedge ;G', an ecotype originating in
Georgia; and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). The ratios of
unsaturated/​saturated fatty acids in tuber triglycerides, tuber polar lipids,
and leaf polar lipids followed the same order as the cold tolerance rankings,
with the most cold/​hardy species having the highest ratios. Lipid content was
less than 1% of dry weight in purple nutsedge tubers, but was from 5 to 7% in
both yellow nutsedge tubers. Starch, sugar, and lipid contents increased
significantly in the hardy yellow nutsedge ;I' tubers during a 6/​week exposure
to 2 C, but did not change in the susceptible purple nutsedge tubers; only sugar
increased in yellow nutsedge ;G' tubers after this treatment. Protein content
was not altered by the 2 C treatment in any of the tubers. Apparently, several
factors involving starch, sugar, lipids, and fatty acids are related to the
differences in tolerance to cold in these species.

PMID: 16659181 [PubMed /​ as supplied by publisher]

36: Indian J Med Res. 1971 Jan;59(1):76/​82.

Pharmacological studies to isolate the active constituents from Cyperus rotundus
possessing anti/​inflammatory, anti/​pyretic and analgesic activities.

Gupta MB, Palit TK, Singh N, Bhargava KP.

PMID: 5574385 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

37: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1970 Dec;141(2):676/​89.

Characterization of ferredoxin from nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L., and other
species with a high photosynthetic capacity.

Lee SS, Travis J, Black CC Jr.

PMID: 4395695 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

38: Indian J Med Res. 1970 Jan;58(1):103/​9.

A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus.

Singh N, Kulshrestha VK, Gupta MB, Bhargava KP.

PMID: 5462209 [PubMed /​ indexed for MEDLINE]

39: Plant Physiol. 1942 Apr;17(2):311/​6.

RESPONSE OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. TO FIVE MOISTURE LEVELS.

Davis CH.

Department of Agronomy, the University of Arizona.

PMID: 16653778 [PubMed]